大洪水 – 神话还是历史(简体版 下)
大洪水 – 神话还是历史(简体版 下)

大洪水 – 神话还是历史(简体版 下)

<表8.1> 《创世记》描述的大洪水的基本时序
<图8.1> 各大陆边缘处的大陆架(图中浅蓝白色)
<图8.2> Underfit Stream一例,美国西南部至墨西哥境内的Rio Grande河,注意今河流规模和原河道宽度之间的巨大反差
<图8.3> “死海”过去的水量远比现在为多,其原湖岸线在远处的山脚下
<图8.4a> 苏美尔“原始楔形字”
<图8.4b> 克里特文明的“线形文字B”
<图8.4c> 商朝的甲骨文
<图8.5> 英格兰的“多佛白崖”(White Cliffs of Dover),属白垩纪沉积
<图8.6> 位于意大利Tuscany的地下盐矿
<视频8.1> 实验室水槽内模拟的“浊积流”
<图8.7> 儿童级别的实验 —— 常识告诉人们,能将泥沙平整分层布放的只有水
<图8.8> 雨痕化石
<图8.9> 黄石国家公园内的石化树干
<图9.1> 从今亚美尼亚首都“埃里温”(Yerevan)望向约50公里外的、土耳其境内的“Mount Ararat”
<图9.2> “Durupinar Site”的船型泥石结构
<图10.1> “美索不达米亚平原”(红色区域内)和两大河即“幼发拉底河”(Euphrates)和“底格里斯河”(Tigris)
<图10.2a> “巴比伦世界地图”(Imago Mundi)
<图10.2b> “巴比伦世界地图”上楔形文字对应的英文翻译。其中三个地名和我们的讨论有关:“Babylon”、“Assyria”、“Urartu”
<图10.3> “The Ark Tablet”,制作年代约公元前十八世纪
<图10.4> 公元前八世纪到公元前七世纪阶段,乌拉尔图(Urartu)、亚述(Assyria)、新亚述帝国(Neo-Assyrian Empire,晚于图中所标的亚述)、巴比伦尼亚(Babylonia)的位置
<图10.5> 红色J所指处为今“Mount Judi”的地理位置。(黄色T所指处为乌拉尔图帝国首都“Tushpa”的位置;绿色A所指处为今“Mount Ararat”的位置;黑色N所指处为新亚述帝国首都“尼尼微”的位置。)

<图10.6> 亚述石刻中表现的亚述国王敬拜他的神祗
<图10.7> “西拿基立”所设的讲述他战功的编年史楔形字棱柱,现藏于芝加哥大学的ISAC
<图10.8> 今“Mount Judi”旁侧“西拿基立”施行敬拜的石刻之一
<图10.9> 今“Mount Judi”旁侧非国王形象的亚述石刻
<图10.10> 1909年贝尔女士探查今“Mount Judi”山时拍摄的该山附近另一幅“西拿基立”的敬拜石刻。照片中的青年据信是贝尔女士的库尔德人向导
<图10.11> 根据传统为公元四世纪“尼西比斯”(Nusaybin)主教Jacob of Nisibis于“Mount Qardu”采得的挪亚方舟残片,被封存在一个收藏匣中。“尼西比斯”位于今Mount Judi西偏南约100公里。该收藏匣后来被带到今亚美尼亚西部城市Vagharshapat的Etchmiadzin Cathedral保存。亚美尼亚是世界上第一个基督教国家,比罗马帝国皈依基督教还早约12年。 Etchmiadzin Cathedral是亚美尼亚的第一座基督教堂,有“亚美尼亚的梵蒂冈”之称。该收藏匣的标签注有 “Reliquary Kanaker 1698”
<图10.12> 名为“Monastery of Mor Augin”的修道院内保存的、依据传统据称是挪亚方舟所用的木料,该修道院建于公元四世纪。此处位于Mount Judi西偏南约90公里
<视频10.1> 土耳其境内的地表地质构成图显示今Mount Judi山顶(视频中标红色Cudi Dagi处)属于“上白垩纪”至“始新世”的石灰岩
<图10.13> 从美索不达米亚平原上的Silopi镇望向北面的今Mount Judi顶部的方舟MLLS(红色箭头处)
<图10.14> 地形图显示的今Mount Judi(红色圈内)和其顶部的方舟MLLS(红色箭头处)
<图10.15> 方舟MLLS及其附近细节
<图10.16> 方舟MLLS(红色箭头处)在特定光线角度下呈现对周围山体的颜色特异
<图10.17> 该照片据信是拍摄于今Mount Judi的方舟MLLS附近,山下即美索不达米亚。拍摄年月不详(猜测是1980年代左右)
<图10.18> 在方舟MLLS西侧约13公里处的据信被称作“Çağlayan Kalesi (Şah Kalesi)”的地点
<图10.19> 今Cizre、Yoğurtçular、Şırnak和Mount Judi的位置关系
<图10.20> “乌拉尔图王国”首都“Tushpa”遗址“Van Citadel”,位于今土耳其境内“凡城”近郊
<图10.21> 公元四世纪的“阿尔萨息王朝”时的“亚美尼亚王国”各省的位置和名称(黑色线条和标字)。该图背景为今谷歌地图。红色J所指处为今“Mount Judi”的地理位置,位于“Corduene”省;绿色A所指处为今“Mount Ararat”的位置,位于“Ayrarat”省
<图11.1> 如果读者你愿意,你也可以在这张大峡谷底部的岩石照片中看到我们看到的两件神迹 —— 创世和洪水
<图11.2> 《利未记》17:11的希伯来文,以及各希伯来单词对应的英文和中文

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附录1. 本文章主要参考书目及资料来源网址(排名按中文拼音及英文字母顺序)

  1. “维基百科” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
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  3. 《A bridge over troubled waters? Systems theory and dialogue in geography》, Heike Egner & Kirsten von Elverfeldt,ucrisportal.univie.ac.at 2008
  4. 《A Catastrophic Plate Tectonics Explanation for Earth’s Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (Also Known as Superplumes)》, Evan Arthur Navarro, Creation Research Society Quarterly 2021
  5. 《A Conundrum at Steens Mountain》, Tim Appenzeller, www.science.org 1992
  6. 《A Deeper Understanding of the Flood – A Complex Geologic Puzzle》, Andrew A. Snelling, answersingenesis.org 2014
  7. 《A Progressive Global Flood Model Confirmed by Rock Data Across Five Continents》, Timothy L. Clarey & Davis J. Werner, ICC 2023
  8. 《A review of large low shear velocity provinces and ultra low velocity zones》, Allen K. McNamara, Tectonophysics Volume 760, 5 June 2019
  9. 《A Review of the Search for Noah’s Ark》, Anne Habermehl, www.academia.edu 2008
  10. 《A Rock-Based Global Sea Level Curve》, Tim Clarey, ICR 2019
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  12. 《Apparent polar wander paths for the major continents (200 Ma to the present day): a palaeomagnetic reference frame for global plate tectonic reconstructions》, Antonio Schettino & Christopher R. Scotese, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 163 Issue 2, 2005
  13. 《Armenia the heir of Urartu》, www.peopleofar.com 2013
  14. 《Ashurnasirpal II Prays Before the Sacred Tree and the God Shamash》, Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin,www.worldhistory.org 2014
  15. 《Asia Data Confirm Progressive Global Flood》, Tim Clarey, ICR 2022
  16. 《Atlas of the underworld: Slab remnants in the mantle, their sinking history, and a new outlook on lower mantle viscosity》, Douwe G. van der Meer, Douwe J.J. van Hinsbergen, Wim Spakman, www.sciencedirect.com 2018
  17. 《Biblical Geology 101》, Michael Oard, Creation Book Publishers 2022
  18. 《Biblical Ice Age solves uniformitarian global end-Pleistocene mass extinction debate》, Michael J. Oard, https://dl0.creation.com/articles/p130/c13060/j33_2_57-60.pdf 2019
  19. 《Biblical Mt. Ararat: Two Identifications》, Armen Petrosyan, https://archive.org/details/petrosyan-2016-ararats, 2016
  20. 《Carved in Stone: Geologic Evidence of the Worldwide Flood》, Timothy Clarey, ICR 2021
  21. 《Catastrophic Plate Tectonics: A Global Flood Model of Earth History》, Steven A. Austin & John R. Baumgardner & D. Russell Humphreys & Andrew A. Snelling & Larry Vardiman & Kurt P. Wise, Creation Science Fellowship Inc 1994
  22. 《Catastrophic Plate Tectonics: The Physics Behind the Genesis Flood》, John R. Baumgardner, Creation Science Fellowship Inc 2003
  23. 《Colliding Continents: A geological exploration of the Himalaya, Karakoram, & Tibet》, Mike Searle, Oxford University Press 2013
  24. 《Computer Modeling of the Large-Scale Tectonics Associated with the Genesis Flood》, John R. Baumgardner, Creation Science Fellowship Inc 1994
  25. 《Deep continental roots and cratons》, D. Graham Pearson, James M. Scott, Jingao Liu, Andrew Schaeffer, Lawrence Hongliang Wang, Jeroen Hunen, Kristoffer Szilas, Thomas Chacko & Peter B. Kelemen, Nature 2021
  26. 《Deep mantle structure as a reference frame for movements in and on the Earth》, Trond H. Torsvik, Rob van der Voo, Pavel V. Doubrovine, Kevin Burke, Bernhard Steinberger, Lewis D. Ashwal, Reidar G. Trønnes, Susan J. Webb, and Abigail L. Bull, PNAS 2014
  27. 《Diamonds sampled by plumes from the core-mantle boundary》, Trond H. Torsvik, Kevin Burke, Bernhard Steinberger, Susan J. Webb & Lewis D. Ashwal, www.nature.com 2010
  28. 《Difference Between Continental & Oceanic Plates》, Doug Bennett,www.sciencing.com 2022
  29. 《Examining the Delk Track》, Ian Juby, https://ianjuby.org/examining-the-delk-track/ 2015
  30. 《Flood Evidence from Sea Levels and Strontium》, Dr. Vernon R. Cupps & Dr. Tim Clarey, ICR 2020
  31. 《Geological and Historical Reasons Why Noah’s Ark Did Not Land On Mt. Ararat》, Bill Crouse, Chapter 22, GCI
  32. 《Geophysicists Detect Evidence of Large Amounts of Water in Earth’s Mantle》, Andrew Williams, Astrobiology Magazine, 2014
  33. 《Get to Know 24 Types of Sedimentary Rock》, Andrew Alden, https://www.thoughtco.com/sedimentary-rock-types-4123132 2019
  34. 《Global stratigraphy and the fossil record validate a Flood origin for the geologic column》, Timothy L. Clarey & Davis J. Werner, ICC 2018
  35. 《Grand Canyon’s Three Sets of Rocks》, www.nps.gov
  36. 《Hebrew and Geologic Analysis of the Chronology and Parallelism of the Flood: Implications for Interpretation of the Geologic Record》, William D. Barrick & Roger Sigler, https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1190&context=icc_proceedings 2003
  37. 《History of the search for Noah’s Ark》, http://bibleprobe.com/noahark-timeline.htm
  38. 《Human Fossils: Why don’t we find them with the Dinosaurs?》, https://genesisapologetics.com/faq/human-fossils-why-dont-we-find-them-with-the-dinosaurs/
  39. 《Imaging Cold Rock at the Base of the Mantle: The Sometimes Fate of Slabs?》, M. Wysession, p.369-384, American Geophysical Union 1996
  40. 《In the Beginning, Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood》, Walt Brown, 2019
  41. 《In-depth Explanation of What Caused Noah’s Flood – Dr. Kurt Wise》, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2ANUKSF2BE 2018
  42. 《Influence of continental roots and asthenosphere on plate-mantle coupling》, Clinton P. Conrad & Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni, American Geophysical Union 2006
  43. 《Is Noah’s Ark on Mount Ararat?》, Andrew A. Snelling, answersingenesis.org 2021
  44. 《Kingdom of Vaspurakan》, Smbat Minasyan, armenian-history.com 2016
  45. 《Lower-mantle materials under pressure》, Jiuhua Chen, www.science.org 2016
  46. 《More Evidence of Rapid Geomagnetic Reversals Confirms a Young Earth》, Andrew A. Snelling, Answers In Genesis 2015
  47. 《Myths of the Flood: The Flood Narrative From the Gilgamesh Epic》, Translation by E. A. Speiser, in Ancient Near Eastern Texts (Princeton, 1950), pp. 60-72, as reprinted in Isaac Mendelsohn (ed.), Religions of the Ancient Near East, Library of Religion paper book series (New York, 1955).PP. 100-6; notes by Mendelsohn
  48. 《New evidence for extraordinary rapid change of the geomagnetic field during a reversal》, Coe, R. S.; Prev ot, M.; Camps, P., Macmillan Magazines Ltd. 1995
  49. 《Newly Deciphered Ancient Babylonian Map Supports Bible, Points to Noah’s Ark Spot, Archeologists Say》, Talia Wise, cbn.com 2024
  50. 《Noah’s Flood: The Key to Correct Interpretation of Earth History》, John Baumgardner, Presented at the International Noah and Judi Mountain Symposium 2013
  51. 《Noahs ark: New footages of the NAMI expedition in 2009》, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNiXB0gfuns 2020
  52. 《Paleofluid Evolution In Fault-Damage Zones: Evidence From Fault–Fold Interaction Events In the Jabal Qusaybah Anticline (Adam Foothills, North Oman)》, Mahtab Mozafari, Rudy Swennen, Fabrizio Balsamo, Luca Clemenzi, Fabrizio Storti, Hamdy El Desouky, Frank Vanhaecke, Christian Tueckmantel, John Solum; Conxita Taberner, Journal of Sedimentary Research 2015
  53. 《‘On the Mountains of Ararat’: Noah’s Ark and the Sacred Topography of Armenia》, Nazénie Garibian, Brill 2021
  54. 《Paradoxes in Geology》, Ueli Briegel & Wenjiao Xiao, Editors, Elsevier Science 2011
  55. 《Pilgrims to Noah The History of Pilgrimage to Cudi Dagh, the Mountain of the Ark》, Timo Roller, www.bibelabenteurer.de 2021
  56. 《Reversals of the Earth’s Magnetic Field During the Genesis Flood》, D. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship Inc 1986
  57. 《Secular scientific problems with the Ice Age》, Michael Oard, creation.com 2020
  58. 《Seismic detection of folded, subducted lithosphere at the core-mantle boundary》, Alexander R. Hutko, Thorne Lay, Edward J. Garnero & Justin Revenaugh, Nature Publishing Group 2006
  59. 《Seismic Tomography, Fly-through of a seismic tomography model of Earth》, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtHo3Yz1T1k 2017
  60. 《Shark Fossil Found in Kentucky Coal Mine》, www.upi.com 2011
  61. 《Slabs in the lower mantle and their modulation of plume formation》, Eh Tan and Michael Gurnis & Lijie Han,AGU and the Geochemical Society 2002
  62. 《Stagnant slab : A review》, Yoshio Fukao, Masayuki Obayashi, Tomoeki Nakakuki and the Deep Slab Project Group, https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/~mjelline/453website/eosc453/E_prints/newfer010/Fukau_stagnantslab_AR09.pdf 2009
  63. 《Strontium Ratio Variation in Marine Carbonates》, Dr. Vernon R. Cupps, ICR 2019
  64. 《Submarine Flow and Slide Deposits in the Kingston Peak Formation, Kingston Range, Mojave Desert, CA: Evidence for Catastrophic Initiation of Noah’s Flood》, Roger Sigler & Van Wingerden, Creation Science Fellowship Inc 1998
  65. 《Submarine Morphological Description of the Ancient Archipelagic Aprons in the Marcus–Wake Seamount Group, Northwestern Pacific Ocean》, Xiao Wang, Huaiming Li, Yongshou Cheng, Pengfei Yao, Fengyou Chu, Weilin Ma, Hongyi Wang, Shihui Lv, Xiaohu Li, Zhenggang Li, Weiyan Zhang & Yanhui Dong, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2024
  66. 《Superfaults and Pseudotachylytes: Evidence of Catastrophic Earth Movements》, Timothy L. Clarey, Steven A. Austin, Stephen Cheung & Raymond Strom, ICC 2013
  67. 《System Theory in Geomorphology: Challenges, Epistemological Consequences and Practical Implications》, Kirsten von Elverfeldt, Springer 2012
  68. 《Tectonic Cycles of the North American Craton》, L. L. Sloss, Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 169, 1964
  69. 《The Delk Track: Evidence of dinosaur and human coexistence with Wazooloo》, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXDBX99qePA 2009
  70. 《The Epic Of Gilgamesh Translated by Maureen Gallery Kovacs》, https://ia804600.us.archive.org/27/items/0000-00-00-00-worst-case-00/THE%20EPIC%20OF%20GILGAMESH.pdf
  71. 《The estimated water content of the Abaga basalts (Inner Mongolia, China) and compositions of the recycled materials in the source: Implication for magma genesis》,Jinheng Sun, Ni Li, Yongwei Zhao, Jun Hu,ScienceDirect 2023
  72. 《The Fatal Flaws of Flood Geology》, Christopher Gregory Weber,NCSE 1980
  73. 《The Flood Science Review》, IJN Productions 2011
  74. 《The Genesis Flood Revisited》, Andrew A. Snelling, Master Books 2022
  75. 《The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications》 , John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris, P & R Publishing 2011
  76. 《The German Explorers of Cudi Dağı》, Timo Roller, www.academia.edu 2013
  77. 《The Grand Staircase: a Case Study in Scientific Thinking from a Biblical Worldview》, Leonard Brand, Geoscience Research Institute 2018
  78. 《The Hebrew-English Interlinear ESV Old Testament, English Standard Version》, ESV Bibles (Author), Thom Blair (Editor), Crossway 2013
  79. 《The Hunt for Noah’s Ark》, https://www.jasoncolavito.com/the-hunt-for-noahs-ark.html
  80. 《The Imago Mundi: Babylonian Directions to Noah’s Ark》, Christopher Eames, armstronginstitute.org 2024
  81. 《The Myth of the Flood Myth, Did Moses steal the flood story from the Babylonians?》, Nick Liguori, answersingenesis.org 2022
  82. 《The Neo-Assyrian Kings knew of a great ‘Flood’》, Damien F. Mackey, amaicjudith.wordpress.com 2016
  83. 《The pre-Flood/Flood Boundary: As Defined in Grand Canyon, Arizona and eastern Mojave Desert, California》, Steven A. Austin & Kurt P. Wise, Creation Science Fellowship Inc 1994
  84. 《Thousands…Not Billions》, Don DeYoung, Master Books 2005
  85. 《Twenty-one Reasons Noah’s Worldwide Flood Never Happened》, Lorence G. Collins, https://www.csun.edu/~vcgeo005/Nr38Reasons.pdf
  86. 《[UPDATE] Urartian DNA: The Closest Match to Modern Armenians》, www.peopleofar.com 2022
  87. 《Urartu: The Forgotten Kingdom》, Armen Grigoryan & Vaga Vardanyan, 2020
  88. 《Use of Sedimentary Megasequences to Re-create Pre-Flood Geography》, Timothy L. Clarey & Davis J. Werner, https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_proceedings/vol8/iss1/27/ 2018
  89. 《Water Content of MORBs and the Oceanic Upper Mantle》,Kelley, K. A.; Cottrell, E.; Le Voyer, M.,American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2019
  90. 《Where is Noah’s Ark?》, Barry and Helen Setterfield, https://barrysetterfield.org/Ark/The_Ark.html 2013

附录2. 本文章所用图片表格及视频来源网址